Santa Fiora is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Grosseto, in the Italian region of Tuscany, located about 110 km southeast of Florence and about 40 km east of Grosseto. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,821 and an area of 62.9 km².

Santa Fiora borders the following municipalities: Abbadia San Salvatore, Arcidosso, Castel del Piano, Castell'Azzara, Piancastagnaio, Roccalbegna, Semproniano.

Its frazioni are Bagnolo, Bagnore, Marroneto, Selva.

Santa Fiora is mentioned for the first time in 890 AD, in a document listing properties of the Abbey of San Salvatore. By the eleventh century the lords of Santa Fiore were the Aldobrandeschi who, in 1082, started the construction of a castle here (Castello S. Flore) and walled the borgo. The power of the abbey passed by degrees to the Aldobrandeschi conti di San Fire, and in turn to the hegemony in Lower Tuscany of the commune of Siena, which was in control of Santa Fiore by the mid fourteenth century, a future already foreseen by Dante: "et vedrai Santafior com'è oscura", "and you shall see how obscure is Santa Fiore" (Purgatorio, canto V). In 1493, with the marriage of Cecilia Aldobrandeschi and Bosio Sforza, the castello and its town passed to the Sforza.

The Sforza of Santa Fiora reached their

highest point of power with count Guido

Sforza di Santa Fiora, who managed to

establish himself as a relative of Pope

Paul III Farnese, thereby gaining prestigious

political positions for his relatives. Later the

family was represented by the Cesarini

Sforza, they however decayed from the 17th

century onwards, until the territory of

Santa Fiora was annaexed to the Grand

Duchy of Tuscany by Leopold II.

The comune was of importance for its mineral

wealth in Monte Amiata of cinnabar, from which

mercury is derived.

Santa Fiora has its own website.